ABSTRACT
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator with biological activity, which is widely expressed in various tissues. Via combining with G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) in different tissues, S1P can regulate Ras /MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, PLC/IP3, Rho/NF-κB and other signaling pathways and mediate various physiological and pathological reactions. The interaction of S1P and its receptors can affect the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cells in airway and lung tissue, and it also plays an important role in inflammation and immune regulation. S1P mediates the pathogenic process of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary infection and acute lung injury, while antagonizing S1P could relieve symptoms and delay the development of these diseases. Further study of S1P may provide a new therapeutic target for respiratory diseases.